At the beginning of the Amarna Period and the reign of Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV), the colossal statues returned to more „human“ measures. With the terraced temple of Hatshepsut, the construction of a series of royal funerary temples on the west bank of the Nile near Thebes began. The Temple of Amun in Karnak and the impressive Avenue of the Sphinxes were built. The expulsion of “Hyksos“ was followed by a renewal of the spiritual life and the visual arts. The scarab was supposed to ensure life after death. The preferred burial object was the scarab, often decorated with the name of the deceased. Small sculptures such as hippos and glazed animal figures made of fired clay embodied the hope for regeneration in the afterlife. During the 13th Dynasty and the subsequent domination by Asian invaders (Hyksos Period), monumental art declined. The art of this period reached its peak with the royal portraits of the late 12th Dynasty Kings Sesostris II and Amenemhet III. New art that resulted from the Old Kingdom art, which was rich in cultural highlights and emerged after the reunification of the country under King Mentuhotep I in around 2040 B.C. Intermediate Period and Middle Kingdom (2155 - 1650 B.C.) At that time, relief and painting served almost exclusively to the survival of people in the afterlife. The beginning of the Old Kingdom, around 2600 B.C., is marked by the emergence of the Step Pyramid of Djoser in Saqqara, the first king's tomb in the shape of a pyramid, a 545 x 280 meter sculpture, built entirely of stone. Writing and image representations were one single unit. Rules for representation were established that lasted for 3000 years. It's the best, but also the most complex method of producing sculptures.Įarly Dynastic Period and Old Kingdom (3000 - 2160 B.C.)Īlready in the early period, around 3000 B.C., Egyptian art found its own style. Instead of the usual rubber moulds, plaster moulds are often used in ceramic casting and porcelain production.įor the cast bronze, the thousand-year-old lost-wax technique is used. In order to guarantee absolute fidelity to the original, an artificially manufactured imitation wood is used as a base material that features typical wood characteristics: density, workability, colour and surface structure.Ĭeramic mould casting usually requires the use of casting clay, which is then fired and optionally glazed. Special polishing and patination techniques give the surface of the casting an appearance similar to the bronze. Similar to artificial marble, with the difference that the substitute stone in powder form is used instead of marble powder.īronze powder is polymer-bonded. Collective term for all casting processes that ars mundi carries out with the help of specialised art foundries.
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